Hydraulic pile driving apparatus



Jan. 23, 1945. .1. RUBIN HYDRAULIC PILE DRIVING APPARATUS ,Filed Oct.22, 1943 4Sheets-Sheet 1 FIE, 2

IN V EN TOR.

J. L. RUBIN HYDRAULIC FILE DRIVING APPARATUS Jan. 23, 1945. 2,367,890

Filed Oct. 22, 1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 IN VEN TOR.

.ETZUHVE'K Jan. 23, 1945.

J. L. RUBIN HYDRAULIC FILE DRIVING APPARATUS Filed Oct. 22, 1945 4Sheets-Sheet 5' ,2; r 22; 1 ER ..IIII!IIII!IIIIIII TOR.

Jan. 23, 1945. J. RUBIN HYDRAULIC FILE DRIVING APPARATUS Filed 001:. 22,1943 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 FIE-ZU- f ill?! I I n I u I III 1 l v sfi PatentedJan. 23, 1945 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HYDRAULIC PILE DRIVINGAPPARATUS Joseph L. Rubin, New York, N. Y. Application October 22, 1943,Serial No. 507,266 10 Claims. (01. 61-76) in the driving of piles, it iscustomary to emplow a pile driving device adapted to impart upon the topof the pile a succession of driving blows by means, for example, of afluid operated hammer. Such methods of pile driving possess importantdisadvantages, including the subjection of the pile to major strains,the inertia absorbent characteristic of the piles whereby hammer methodsare uneconomical and the relatively slow driving action. Also, suchhammer methods are noisy and objectionable in populated districts.

It is the primary object of the present invention to provide a methodand apparatus by which piles of any desired length may be driven byhydraulic progressive action, continuously applied. A further object ofthe invention is to provide a portable carrier and abutment for thedriving members. A third object of the invention is to provide simpleand effective telescopic hydraulic members for driving the pile andwhich enable relatively long pile sections to be built up. Furtherobjects of the invention will hereinafter be described with reference tothe accompanying drawings In the drawings:

Fi 1 is a view in elevation showing an embodiment of the invention.

Fig. 1a is a fragmentary detail view, in elevation, of the areaforwardly of the dotted lines 1a-1a, Fig. 1.

Fig. 2 is a horizontal section on the line 2-2, Fi 1.

Fig. 3 is an enlarged vertical section, broken away at the top, andtaken through the central area of the portable carriage, showing a pilecasing and telescopic hydraulic driving members for the casing inposition at the beginning of a driving operation.

Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 3 showing the position of the memberswhen a pile casing has been partly driven into the earth.

Fig. 5 is a vertical section through a modified form of pile casing andthe telescopic driving members therefor.

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 5 showing a second modification of thepile casing and driving members.

Fig. 'l is a horizontal section on the line 1-1, Fi 6.

Fig. 8 is a horizontal section on the line 8-8,

Fig. 5.

Fig. 9 is an elevation, partly in vertical section, showing employmentof a precast, rod reinforced pile member to which may be applied at itsupper end a pile casing for receiving concrete to build up an overlyingpile section.

Fig. 10 is a view in elevation, partly in section, showing the structureof Fig. 9 in the round toward the end of driving action thereon.

Fig. 11 is a schematic view, inelevation, showing the lower end of thedevice mounted upon a tractor.

Fig. 12 is a detail view, in vertical section, showing the upper area ofa suitable mandrel and piston member.

Referring to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, I have therein shown aportable carrier for the pile driving members which consists of spacedvertical standards 1 and intermediate reinforcing plates 2. Lacing maybe substituted for the plates. In practice these standards, when used,will be tied together by suitable transverse beams (not shown), by anabutment beam, or beams, 3, and by suitable lacing as indicated at 4.

At opposite sides of the standards 2 the structure will have floor areas5 for the reception of heavy material such as caisson weights, asindicated at 6.

The inner faces of the standards 2 carry vertical H beams I and which inturn carry vertical beams 8. To these beams are secured opposed brackets9. These brackets he immediately under a strong and rigid abutment beam3, or a plurality of such beams. The abutment structure 3 is adapted toli directly over, and receive thrust from, the head I01: of a pistonsleeve I0, arms of brackets 9 engaging the under face of the head Him.

Slidably received upon piston sleeve I0 is a mandrel I I, a preferredconstruction of the mandrel being shown in Fig. 3.

The mandrel may be constructed of cast iron,

steel or other suitable metal. It is formed with a solid point I lzc andwith an inner annular tubelike wall I Ira: which directly receive thepiston ill. The base of the piston is closed except for an, aperture toreceive a conduit I 2. the latter communicating with a duct [3 in pistonhead Illa;

The mandrel is adapted to directly receive a pile casing H, which ma 'beof sheet metaland shaped to conform with the exterior of the mandrel.When the pile casing is in position on the mandrel, the upper end of thelatter will expose opposed lugs [8 for the reception of hook members aslater to be explained.

In the operation of the apparatus in practicing my method, the wheelcarrier with the hydraulic elements in position, or prior to positioningthese elements, maybe moved to the pile driving site, and when theelements are in position as shown in Fig. 1, hydraulic pressure isapplied. The hydraulic pressure tends to force the piston upwardly, butinasmuch as the piston contacts with the under surface of the abutment,the hollow mandrel is driven downward into the earth carrying with itthe pile casing 11. Should the mandrel become strongly wedged in theground after a driving operation, powerful means are provided forretracting the mandrel, using the abutment as a resistance member. Suchmeans consist of a hydraulic jack 19 connected to one or more pullhooks, for application to'the lugs l8, as through the use of aconnecting chain or chains. By obvious manipulation of such chain orchains, in the manner of pulleydriven hoist cables, the hydraulic jackl9 'may be employed to lift the mandrel out of the pile casing when thetop of the latter is down to the surface of the ground or thereabout. Asan alternative, the mandrel being loosened, the wheeled carrier may bemoved away and a crane employed for lifting out the mandrel and itscontained piston, whereupon the mandrel may receive a second pilecasing-to be driven as herein-before described.

It will be seen that in the driving of the pile casing the latter isuniformly reinforced internally, and therefore may be made of relativelylight material. When the-mandrel is withdrawn the pile casing will befilled with concrete.

In Fig. the piston construction is the same as that shown in thepreceding figures and the same reference characters are employedtherefor. The mandrel, however, is adapted for a tapered pile casing 20,the mandrel being shown at 2|. In the said construction the mandrelcarries at its top an in-set ring 2L1: to receive a packing 22 which maybe compressed !by a compression ring 23 threaded in ring 2|:c. Theoperation of the structure shown in Fig. 5 is the same as that describedin reference to the preceding figures.

The structure in Fig. 6, also, employs the same type of piston aspreviously described and the top area of mandrel 24 of Fig. 6 is of thesame construction as in Fig. 5. However, in Fig. 6, the mandrel isadapted to drive a shell 25 of uniform cross-section into the ground,the bottom of the shell being open, the outer wall of the mandrel beingstraight rather than tapered. Such a pile shell or casing is adapted forthe formation of end-bearingpiles, rather than friction piles. To carryout this purpose a strong ring 26 is welded within pile casing 25 at itsbase, and the mandrel is reduced in diameter near its base to provide ashoulder which will overlie ring 25 and transmit thrust thereto. Indriving the pile casing25, when the point of the mandrel reaches rock,or whatever material on which it is desired that the pile finally rest,the mandrel is withdrawn and casing 25 will be driven additionally intothe ground for the height taken up by the point of themandrel prior toits withdrawal. If desired, this ma be done by welding asecond strong.ring on the upper internal area of the pile casing 25 and reinsertingthe mandrel for its hydraulic driving action. By this construction Ieliminate the removing of dirtwhich is necessary in driving open underpiles, yet I drive an open ended type of pile.

In the structures of Figs. 9 and 10 the hydraulic driving apparatus isdesigned more particularly for driving a combination pile into theground. This pile consists of a pre-cast reinforced concrete pilesection 21 with its longitudinally extending reinforcing rods 28extendin above the top of the cast section to permit a bond with asection later to be cast into a pile shell or casing 29. For thispurpose the top of the pre-cast pile section 2'! may be fiat or it maybe formed with a recess surrounded by the reinforcing rods 28, in eithercase the lower area 301s of the mandrel 3D is reduced in diameter to fitwithin the reinforcing rods 28. Above the reinforcing rods 28 thediameter of the mandrel 30 is increased so that it acts as a form andclose internal support for the thin metallic shell or pile casing 29.This casing is preferably secured to the top of the pre-cast pilesection 21 by being threaded onto a ring 32, cast into the top of pilesection 21 when it is manufactured.

In the structures of Figs. 9 and 10 the mandrel is closed at its lowerend by a threaded plug 301m: and the piston is of the same constructionas in preceding figures.

In Fig. 10 there is shown pile section 21 in its final position after adriving operation, the thin metal shell or pile casing 3! being in theposition to receive a charge of concrete after removal of the mandrel 3Band its enclosed piston. When the mandrel is removed the charge orcharges of concrete will be bonded to the pre-cast pile section 21through the intermediary ofthe reinforcing rods 28 and also the casing3!. Whenever it is desired, however, the casing 3| may be reused, as forexample, when it is not actuall threaded to the pile section 2! and maybe withdrawn with the mandrel.

I am aware of the fact that it has hereinbefore been proposed to employhydraulic jack means for imparting initial driving movements to piles,followed by hammer operations, and that in some cases jacks have beenproposed for driving operations at, for example, the underpinning ofstructures which afford abutment surfaces, but such arrangements are notapplicable, and have not been used, for driving vertical piles into theearth, these piles being of substantial lengths, say upwards of 30 feet,by continuous hydraulic pressure and the use of a transportable abutmenton a mobile carriage having a reaction' resistance equivalent to or wellabove the force required to drive the pile. By means of my inventionpiles may be driven more rapidly, more economically, and with less powerthan that required for hammer driving. In addition, strains are reduced,and there is no blow-absorbing action of the pile as is the case withhammer blows. The driving is positive and, of course, without noise.

In some cases it may be desirable to provide a supplementary abutment onthe wheeled carrier so that hydraulic driving operations maybe-performed from a point substantially below the abutment 3, in otherwords, from a point intermediate the upper and lower ends of thecarrier. Referring-to Figs. 1- and 1a, it will be seen that at oppositeareas of the H-beams 1;

and centrally thereof,- passageways :have been provided through themembers 2 and between spaced ends of the H-beams-l for the reception ofa heavy beam or beams 33 constituting an abutment structure for thedriving mandrel.

My apparatus will be found useful not only in pile driving but in groundstructure load tests. Thus the apparatus may be moved from point topoint and employed to determine the load characteristics of selectedground formations through denoting, by means of a gage in the hydraulicpressure system, the ratio of resistance to pile penetration.

What I claim is:

1. In hydraulic pile driving apparatus, a wheeled carriage comprisingvertical standards and connecting members, the carriage having at itstop an abutment, the carriage being adapted to receive heavy material toincrease its weight, an elongated tubular piston having a head adaptedto engage said abutment, an elongated mandrel slidingly received uponsaid piston, means for introducing fluid under pressure in termediatethe lower end of the piston and the opposite wall of the mandrel.

2. Hydraulic pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim1, in combination with a relatively thin-wall metallic casing upon andconforming with the surface of the mandrel, the mandrel beingretractable from the casing after being driven into the ground.

3. Hydraulic pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim1, in combination with a tubular conduit extending from the head of thepiston downwardly through the piston to the opposite end of the piston,the latter being closed except for an aperture receiving said tubularconduit.

4. Pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, incombination with a bracket-hanger, connected with the wheeled carrierbelow the abutment and adapted to embrace the piston head.

5. Pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, incombination with a hydraulic jack supported by the wheeled carrier atthe abutment, and means for connecting the jack with the mandrel forupward pull upon the mandrel.

6. Pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim 1, incombination with a retractable and supplementary abutment disposed at alevel of the wheeled carrier substantially below the top abutmentthereof the latter being fixed.

7. I hydraulic pile driving apparatus a telescopic device consisting ofa mandrel and a tubular piston, the mandrel being a cast metal projectedreinforcing bars socket and its outer wall, the lower end of thestructure having a closed lower end and an internal tubular wall risingfrom said end to the top of the mandrel, and open at the top of themandrel, the piston being tubular in form and received within saidtubular wall for sliding relation therewith, the piston being closed atboth ends except for an aperture in its lower end and a duct in itsupper end, and a hydraulic feed conduit extending from end to end of thepiston and communicating with its aperture and with its duct.

8. In hydraulic pile driving apparatus a telescopic device consisting ofa mandrel and a tubular piston, the mandrel being a cast metal means foradmitting fluid under pressure to the chamber afforded by the innertubular wall of the mandrel.

9. Hydraulic pile driving apparatus constructed in accordance with claim1, in com-' bination with a pre-cast pile member formed with a socket atthe top and carrying outwardly intermediate the mandrel being adapted topass into said socket, and a thin-wall metallic casing secured to thetop of the pile member and surrounding the mandrel.

10. Hydraulic pile driving apparatus comprising a carrier having anoverhead abutment, a'hollow' metallic casing of a pile form, twotelescopic members at least one of which is adapted to receive thecasing and one of which is adapted to be fixed against the overheadabutment on the carrier, the first telescopic member being movable,means for forcing fluid under pressure within such telescopic membersagainst the reaction of the carrier and its abutment, the weight of thecarrier plus its load exceeding the reaction force .required to drivesaid movable telescopic member and the casing carrier thereby into theground, such fluid pressure means being adapted to continue flow of thefluid under pressure to cause a substantial continuance of thetelescopic movement of such members.

JOSEPH L. RUBIN.

